无为之治：水中大石的智慧
在古代哲学家王充的《论衡》中，我们可以找到关于无为而治的深刻见解。王充提出了一个比喻， likening a wise ruler to a water stone in the river. Just as the water flows around the stone without disturbing it, a wise ruler should not interfere with the natural order of things, but rather allow events to unfold as they will.
In this chapter of 論衡, we are presented with two contrasting views on how to govern effectively. On one hand, there is the view that a ruler should actively intervene in affairs and shape them according to his own desires. This approach is compared to using force to move sand or pebbles along the riverbed - it may seem effective at first, but ultimately only causes chaos and destruction.
On the other hand, there is the view that a ruler should adopt a more passive approach, allowing things to develop naturally without interference. This approach is likened to allowing water to flow over stones in its path - while some stones may be carried away by strong currents, others remain steadfast and unscathed.
The author argues that true wisdom lies in adopting this latter approach. A wise ruler recognizes that he cannot control everything and must learn to accept what cannot be changed. He must also recognize that some individuals have inherent qualities which make them better suited for certain roles than others.
In conclusion, Wang Chong's discussion on no-action governance offers valuable insights into effective leadership by illustrating how an ideal leader can achieve harmony through non-interference and understanding human nature's potentialities.
Original Text (40·4-6):
"目不在面而在于足，救昧不给，能何见乎！" East Palace says.
"陛下用吏如积薪矣，后来者居上." Qian Mu said.
The original text compares officials who are promoted based on their abilities with those who are promoted based on their loyalty.
"非俗吏之得地贤儒之失职哉！" The author believes that officials who are loyal but lack ability often rise higher than those who possess both ability and integrity.
The author argues against promoting officials solely based on their loyalty.
Officials should be selected based on merit rather than loyalty or favoritism.
In contrast with those who believe in merit-based selection of officials:
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标签： 老子关于水的思想 、 道德经个人感悟 、 思想道德和法律的共同点 、 道家积极向上的句子 、 道家道的内涵概念
